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More recently it was discovered that BChE
2020-02-15

More recently, it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neuropeptide gut hormone, ghrelin [25], [26], [27], [28]. Nonetheless, because the enzyme reaction is very slow, those who first reported this finding were initially reluctant to attribute a real physiological role for that phenomenon. Our o
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br DDR mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways i
2020-02-14

DDR-mediated signaling DDRs initiate signaling pathways in a context and cell type-dependent manner. For instance, DDR1 was reported to activate ERK in vascular smooth muscle Pertussis Toxin (Lu et al., 2011), to inhibit ERK in mesangial cells (Curat and Vogel, 2002), and to have no effect on ERK
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We have reported previously that aminoacrylate derivatives o
2020-02-14

We have reported previously that β-aminoacrylate derivatives of the general structure () are inhibitors of DHODH. In particular, tricyclic derivatives and displayed sub-micromolar IC values against DHODH, and in the case of there was a 1000-fold greater potency compared to the human enzyme (DHOD
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Classical DHFR inhibitors such as methotrexate MTX
2020-02-14

Classical DHFR inhibitors such as methotrexate (MTX) bind tightly to the enzyme and possess adequate clinical pharmacokinetics. MTX bind to the DHFR binding site through the formation of hydrogen bonds with Asn64, Lys68, Arg28, Arg70, Val115 and Ile7 amino Cyanine 3-dUTP residues as well as hydroph
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Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by
2020-02-14

Experimentally measured DGAT activity was first reported by Weiss et al. (1960) and several different types of DGAT enzyme have since been described in plants [12,41,42]. As recently as 2011 there appeared to be just two DGAT enzymes both in plants and in other eukaryotes, namely DGAT1 and DGAT2 [43
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Collagen compaction and alignment are generated by
2020-02-14

Collagen compaction and alignment are generated by cell-mediated contractile forces (Stopak and Harris, 1982). The transmission of actomyosin forces to collagen has been mainly attributed to integrins and the activation of the Rho-ROCK pathway (Clark et al., 2007, Kural and Billiar, 2013, Provenzano
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments
2020-02-14

Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Jianru Zuo (Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) for providing fbr11-1 seeds. We are grateful to Carol MacKintosh and the DSTT at the University of Dundee (UK) for anti-RD21 antibodies. This
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The role of ARA cyp metabolites in
2020-02-14

The role of ARA-cyp450 metabolites in the liver is still unclear [44]. However, ARA-cyp450 genes metabolize other fatty acids such lauric and palmitic BSI-201 [45]. It was found that decreased cyp4a expression caused fatty livers through reduction of fatty acid metabolism [46]. In this study, we fo
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These contrasting results observed with intra BNST combined
2020-02-14

These contrasting results observed with intra-BNST combined injections of NOC-9 and CP 376395 on freezing (in the novel arena) versus anxiety-related behavior (in the EPM) suggest that CRF neurotransmission within this forebrain limbic site could be mainly involved in the modulation of more subtle a
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Where a a a and b b b are
2020-02-14

Where a, a, a and b, b, b are respectively, repulsive friction constants and attraction friction constants. c represents the quadratic repulsive friction constant and P is critical pressure (bar). CPA equation of state CPA model is an EOS that simply combines a cubic EOS (SRK-EOS) and an associ
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In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine
2020-02-14

In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine withdrawal on G-protein coupling to opioid and ET receptors in neonatal rats. Morphine-induced G-protein activation was significantly higher in neonatal rats undergoing morphine withdrawal; suggesting enhanced coupling of the receptors to G
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br Results br Discussion We first tested for any adverse
2020-02-14

Results Discussion We first tested for any adverse effect of ATR on learning and memory with a MWM test, which is used to assess hippocampal spatial learning and memory abilities in rodents (Vorhees and Williams, 2006). In the place navigation test, the escape latency – or time spent locating
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Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post translational modifica
2020-02-14

Introduction Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification which impacts almost every biological process in the cell. Dysregulation of the ubiquitylation pathway is associated with several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and immunological dysfunctions. Single ubiquiti
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Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA
2020-02-13

Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA synthesis, current data from sequencing also suggest that COs require more DNA synthesis than NCO 63., 64., 65.. However, analysis of the role of DNA synthesis in NCOs remains relatively uncharacterized. Emerging evidence points to a role for either Polδ or Polε
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Similarly LTD concentration dependently enhanced AQP express
2020-02-13

Similarly, LTD4 concentration-dependently enhanced AQP4 expression in astrocytes (Fig. 3). The LTD4-enhanced AQP4 expression was not affected by pranlukast but inhibited by Bay u9773, a non-selective CysLT1/CysLT2 receptor antagonist [33]. Because no selective CysLT2 receptor antagonists are current
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