• br Chain specific ubiquitin probes The conventional

  2020-05-12

  

  Chain specific ubiquitin probes The conventional way of assessing linkage specificity is by measuring turnover rates of different diubiquitin molecules as substrates. Although this method has been applied successfully in several studies [7••, 8] it is limited to isolated DUBs, whereas linkage spe

• Consistent with our previous study

  2020-05-12

  

  Consistent with our previous study (Gao et al., 2018b; Wu et al., 2018), we found that TCB-2 disrupted both pup preference and home-cage maternal behavior. Based on the findings that 4-h pup Valrocemide (a technique presumably increases maternal motivation) failed to attenuate the TCB-2-induced mat

• Functionally all members of the

  2020-05-12

  

  Functionally, all members of the IL-12 family have been annotated along major inflammatory signaling axes but their roles have often weighed on opposing sides of the immunological balance. For instance, IL-12 and IL-23 are classified as pro-inflammatory cytokines [10] as opposed to the rather protec

• Materials and methods Construction of

  2020-05-12

  

  Materials and methods Construction of the Chk-YB-1b-Neo vector. Approximately 107 plaques from a chicken genomic library established in EMBL3 vector (Clontech Palo Alto, CA) was screened and one clone containing a 12kb insert was selected. Digestion of this clone with SalI and EcoRI restriction enz

• Additionally both in vitro and in vivo

  2020-05-12

  

  Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that a Ca2+ influx is closely related to apoptosis (Rizzuto et al., 2003). Calmodulin (CaM) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells, which senses intracellular calcium levels by bindi

• The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for

  2020-05-12

  

  The requirement for two distinct signalling pathways for cAMP-induced growth arrest likely represents an important mechanism allowing VSMC to finely modulate their cellular responses to cAMP-elevating stimuli. Our data demonstrates for the first time that activation of both pathways in VSMC results

• br Materials and methods br

  2020-05-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In particular, we showed that pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor prostaglandin receptor recognize cAMP as a stimulatory signal for cell proliferation. Conversely, cAMP was found to have an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in bronchial carcinoids

• br Disclosure statement br Acknowledgment

  2020-05-12

  

  Disclosure statement Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81270704, 81330018). Background Over-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is common in many malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with po

• br Experimental Procedure br Acknowledgment

  2020-05-12

  

  Experimental Procedure Acknowledgment This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Singapore (MoE Tier-2) grant (R-154-000-625-112) and R154-000-A72-114 (AcRF Tier 1 grant) respectively. We acknowledge the Advanced Photon Source Beamline 24-ID-C, Argonne National Laboratory, USA. D.N. is

• Mutation in BRCT II domain W R either

  2020-05-12

  

  Mutation in BRCT-II domain (W893R) either in the full-length context or the C-terminal context greatly reduced the expression of LIG4 (Fig. 2B, Fig. 3B), suggesting the importance of BRCT-II domain in the maintenance of LIG4. In this regard, it might be noted that LIG4 protein was undetectable in Li

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Serum triglyceride conce

  2020-05-12

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Serum triglyceride concentrations increase following ingestion of a fat containing meal resulting in postprandial hyperlipidemia. Peak serum triglyceride levels are observed within 2 to 4h of fat consumption and then gradually return to baseline levels within appr

• br Materials and Methods br

  2020-05-12

  

  Materials and Methods Acknowledgements Introduction The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structure that acts as a scaffold for the mechanical support of multicellular organisms. It is responsible for the organisation of different tissues and regulates critical events in development a

• br Experimental procedures br Introduction

  2020-05-12

  

  Experimental procedures Introduction Protein kinases represent one of the largest enzyme AY 9944 dihydrochloride synthesis in the human genome and act as signaling mediators in a variety of cellular processes (Manning et al., 2002). Because many diseases are associated with aberrant protein k

• We recently described the benzoxazin one analogue of

  2020-05-11

  

  We recently described the 1,3-benzoxazin-4-one analogue of LY294002 and showed it to have pan-PI3K and DNA-PK activity [2]. We have also reported on the activity of other family members, such as 3 which causes sensitization of lung cancer and colon cancer cells to radiation [11] and 4 (LTUSI122) as

• Trimidox In studies directed toward the development of seque

  2020-05-11

  

  In studies directed toward the development of sequence-specific major-groove binding small Trimidox [11], we desired a non-intercalating molecular scaffold that could direct attached moieties into the major groove. As an initial step toward this goal, we wished to study the DNA binding mode and af

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