• br Origin of the vertebrate hexokinase gene family Multiple

  2021-09-17

  

  Origin of the vertebrate hexokinase gene family Multiple hexokinases have been found in vertebrates, plants and yeast (Wilson, 1995, Cárdenas et al., 1998). A hexokinase in both vertebrates and yeast has, unfortunately, been named glucokinase. The sharing of the name glucokinase has suggested to

• LbGlcK crystallized as a ligandless

  2021-09-17

  

  LbGlcK crystallized as a ligandless dimer in the asymmetric unit of space group P21 (Fig. 1a) with two identical subunits stabilized by a large contact surface area of 2295 Å2 (13% of the total surface area) as determined by the Protein Interfaces, Surfaces, and Assemblies (PISA) server [18]. Each m

• Indeed our immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue sampl

  2021-09-17

  

  Indeed, our immunohistochemical analysis of skin tissue samples without any pathology confirmed the expression of MR and GR. Extending earlier findings in rats (Shaqura et al., 2016a, Shaqura et al., 2016b), we demonstrate here that MR mainly colocalize with the nociceptive neuronal marker CGRP sugg

• br BA induced activation of TGR TGR is

  2021-09-17

  

  BA-induced activation of TGR5 TGR5 is a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor for BAs and its activation is dependent on cAMP formation and further stimulation of protein kinase A [53], [31]. The receptor is expressed in the enterochromaffin cells, smooth muscles, immune cells and more import

• Previous studies have attributed the changes that occurs dur

  2021-09-16

  

  Previous studies have attributed the changes that occurs during the behvioral sensitization to many psychostimulants with neuroadaptation in dopaminergic cell bodies of the VTA (induction phase) along with alteration in dopamine axon terminal field transmission of NAc during the expression to sensit

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-09-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Numerous studies have identified important roles for HIF-1α in cellular function and dysfunction through its transcriptional activity [4]. A few studies have reported that HIF-1α is translocated to the mitochondria in human and mouse cancer cell line

• It has been demonstrated that

  2021-09-16

  

  It has been demonstrated that HO-1 inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α and IL-6 in response to sepsis [35], and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 [36,37]. An inverse association between HO-1 and iNOS has previously been described: the NO levels decline with increases

• Urolithin A The therapeutic potential of acetate has been

  2021-09-16

  

  The therapeutic potential of acetate has been advocated by research on neurodegenerative disorders such as Canavan's disease (Arun et al., 2010, Mathew et al., 2005), where oral acetate improved motor function in a genetic model of the disorder, and in studies of behavioural phenotypes associated wi

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by a

  2021-09-16

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the BBSRC (BB/D011809/1) to GJL and The Royal Society to SHS (Uf090321). SIM and AH were the recipients of scholarships from HEC Pakistan. Introduction Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth’s crust. However, Fe is o

• GPR A a G protein coupled receptor located mainly

  2021-09-16

  

  GPR109A, a G-protein-coupled receptor located mainly on adipocyte cell membranes, has been identified as the molecular target for nicotinic 7ACC2 [[5], [6], [7]] and mediator of NEFA reduction [5]. As a mechanism of NEFA-lowering, it is recognized that activation of GPR109A leads to Gi-mediated inh

• br Results br Discussion Cell

  2021-09-16

  

  Results Discussion Cell-contact-mediated spread of HIV-1 has been estimated to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient compared to passive dissemination of particles through the extracellular milieu. Thus, this form of viral transmission can have significant effects on the pathogenesi

• Here we report the first attempts to

  2021-09-16

  

  Here we report the first attempts to assess roles of NTs and ABC transporters in transfer of ribavirin across the placental barrier using human placental villous fragments and microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) vesicles, in situ dually perfused rat term placenta, and cell-based models. Materials

• It is an aspiring task to apply the glutamate

  2021-09-16

  

  It is an aspiring task to apply the glutamate biosensor for in vivo measurements in Tedizolid synthesis tissue. Due to a relatively large size of the electrode used in this work, the biosensor fits only ex vivo applications. However, it is possible to apply platinum microelectrodes 50–100 μm in dia

• Prior to cellular uptake studies

  2021-09-16

  

  Prior to cellular uptake studies of X-NeuNAc , docking simulation was performed (A). The result suggested this complex was capable of binding in the cavity of an outward open XylE. The orientation of the sugar moiety in the docked complex was similar to that of the glucose unit bound in the crystal

• Limitations of our study are the following we did not

  2021-09-16

  

  Limitations of our study are the following: we did not measure central energy metabolism in parallel, so we can only hypothesize that GLUT1 hypermethylation may be associated with alterations in central glucose metabolism. We did not measure GLUT1/GLUT4 gene expression or glucose uptake, so that we

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