• In this study we describe the role

  2021-10-11

  

  In this study, we describe the role of a specific species of LPI in the secretion of GLP-1 from enteroendocrine L-cells and primary cell preparations. We further demonstrate the specific role of GPR119 in LPI-dependent GLP-1 secretion. To achieve this, we downregulated GPR119 and GPR55 protein expr

• With an ever increasing incidence

  2021-10-11

  

  With an ever-increasing incidence rate of type 2 diabetes and obesity, it is imperative to develop new therapeutic regimes that may provide a benefit both in terms of efficacy and tolerability. The existing portfolio of drugs for the treatment of metabolic disorders, primarily type 2 diabetes and ob

• Xie et al b reported that the combination of diagnostic

  2021-10-11

  

  Xie et al. (2009b) reported that the combination of diagnostic ultrasound impulses and cyclic RGD-bearing MBs targeted for GP IIb/IIIa resulted in the successful recovery of epicardial and microvascular blood flow in swine models with acute thrombotic occlusion. It is well known that the stability o

• The physicochemical properties of the

  2021-10-09

  

  The physicochemical properties of the prodrugs provided important clues for understanding a broad range of inhibitory activities in the cell assays (Table 2). Some physicochemical properties are useful in predicting drug absorption. Considering Lipinski’s rules and the polar surface area (PSA),l-ala

• In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs and th

  2021-10-09

  

  In cardiomyocytes mechanical stress builds up via FAs and the related costamere structures, and excessive stress can cause cardiac hypertrophy. Cardoso et al. (2016) report a comprehensive study that demonstrates the link between stress-induced FAK activation and a FAK-mediated initiation of a trans

• Increasing trans epithelial transport efficiency is another

  2021-10-09

  

  Increasing trans-epithelial transport efficiency is another area where different strategies are being developed for overcoming transcytosis. Enhancing the affinity for the basal membrane and weakening apical exocytosis through the optimisation of surface hydrophobicity have been demonstrated [79]. S

• br Acknowledgments We thank Drs Yasuhiro Saito and Mitsuru F

  2021-10-09

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Drs. Yasuhiro Saito and Mitsuru Futakuchi for helpful discussion. We also thank Drs. Kohei Miyazono and Tadashi Matsuda for cells. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research on Innovative Area (16H06373; 16K15273) from MEXT, Japan (to M.H.) and by Pr

• Interestingly the rabbit cornea exhibited a

  2021-10-09

  

  Interestingly, the rabbit cornea exhibited a more than two-fold higher level of total GST activity compared with that of the porcine cornea, whereas their levels of GSTO1‐1 and GSTP1‐1 activity were similar (Fig. 4). Because members of the GST Alpha, Mu, Pi and Omega salubrinal primarily utilize CD

• It has been indicated that chemicals induced mammalian cell

  2021-10-09

  

  It has been indicated that chemicals-induced mammalian cell death is mediated by GSK-3 activation (by downregulated of GSK-3 phosphorylation) leading to apoptosis (Huang et al., 2014, Li et al., 2014, Tanabe et al., 2011, Yun et al., 2009). In contrast, accumulating evidences have reported that the

• CGS 21680 receptor Decreasing GSK activity has therapeutic b

  2021-10-09

  

  Decreasing GSK-3β activity has therapeutic benefits in animal model of colitis [45] and traumatic CGS 21680 receptor injury [46] and ischemia/reperfusion injury [47,48]. In brain, activation of GSK-3β promotes Aβ toxicity by elevating APP expression and its amyloidogenic cleavage, and by dysregulat

• br Introduction Nicotinic acid has

  2021-10-09

  

  Introduction Nicotinic matrix metalloproteinases has been used clinically for more than 50 years [1] since it has anti-atherogenic effects, including the ability to reduce triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevate high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

• T L cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes

  2021-10-09

  

  3T3-L1 cells can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes by the appropriate hormonal treatment and they offer a useful in vitro model system for adipogenesis. GPR120 mRNA was detected in differentiated mature adipocytes but not in confluent preadipocytes (Fig. 3A). The level of GPR120 mRNA incre

• We first set out to

  2021-10-09

  

  We first set out to identify the minimum pharmacophore. Early structure activity relationships (SAR) indicated that the chloro substituents were not required and that the benzisoxazole moiety could be replaced by a number of other groups. A broad survey of “left-hand” hydrophobic moieties was conduc

• As discussed above both endogenous

  2021-10-09

  

  As discussed above, both endogenous and exogenous lesions can lead to adverse health effects [43]. Damaged nucleobases can block DNA replication which is often lethal to cells [44]. The effectiveness of DNA restoration by DNA glycosylases should be closely monitored to gain an insight of the functio

• The effects of these steroids namely

  2021-10-09

  

  The effects of these steroids, namely the decrease in the peak and acceleration of desensitization could be observed in IGly activated by 100 μM glycine (concentration close to EC50). However, with an increase in glycine to 500 μM (a concentration close to saturating), the effect of steroids on the

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