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br Introduction The growth hormone
2022-02-18
Introduction The growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene, which was first isolated from rats and humans (Kojima et al., 1999), comprises two exons and one intron in mammals and chicken. The pig GHSR is located on chromosome 13 (range 110,981,465–111,006,149 on Reference Sscrofa11.1). Alt
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br Ghrelin interactions with the opioid
2022-02-18
Ghrelin interactions with the opioid system The endogenous opioid system is an important regulator of appetite and metabolism (Bodnar, 2017, Nogueiras et al., 2012). In fact, several pharmacological studies have demonstrated that agonists of the three opioid receptors (mu, kappa, and delta) incre
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In addition the interplay of
2022-02-18
In addition the interplay of membrane curvature induced tension at the fusion pore and moclobemide mg induced tension across the PM seems to be a worthwhile target for investigation. The roles of dynamin and myosin II and especially their spatial and temporal dynamics during activity warrant furthe
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Despite the two models for the HIV IN aptamer complexes
2022-02-18
Despite the two models for the HIV-1 IN-aptamer complexes appeared to be comparable, disintegration assays revealed that 93-del inhibited C– or N-terminally truncated enzyme at the same extent, [18] whereas, T30695 required N-terminal domain (NTD) of the enzyme to exert its integrase inhibitory acti
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Thus both in Drosophila and mammals the
2022-02-18
Thus, both in Drosophila and mammals, the Hippo pathway responds to cell–cell junctions via an apical NF2/Mer-containing complex. Indeed, Hippo signalling and NF2 are required for contact inhibition of growth in cell culture, which is thought to reflect an in vivo function as a sensor of tissue crow
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Recently IL was also identified as
2022-02-17
Recently, IL-10 was also identified as an important mediator of collagen deposition in the development of HF [64,65]. It was shown, that this cytokine activates macrophages found in the hearts of mice suffering from diastolic dysfunction in the autocrine manner [64]. In response, specific subset of
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Intestinal epithelium renewal is tightly
2022-02-17
Intestinal epithelium renewal is tightly controlled by Hedgehog genes. Three Hedgehog genes are highly conserved in mouse and human, including Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and Desert hedgehog (Dhh) [13]. Hedgehogs bind to Patched (PTCH) [[14], [15], [16]], which unlike conventional r
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amiodarone hcl The ketone body receptor HCA is most
2022-02-17
The ketone body receptor HCA2 is most likely not active under normal conditions, since local levels and plasma levels of ketone bodies such as β-HB are too low to activate the receptor. However, overnight fasting or prolonged starvation results in plasma levels of the ketone body in the millimolar r
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Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled
2022-02-17
Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical neu
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The advent of next generation
2022-02-17
The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has shown that considerable variation in human genome is still undiscovered and therefore a considerable number of rare variations that are related to disease susceptibility may still be unknown. NGS has allowed to strengthen the association between los
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OTX-015 Further explorations at the ortho and meta positions
2022-02-17
Further explorations at the ortho- and meta-positions of the phenyl in the tail proceeded on the basis of the preliminary results. First, we investigated the fluorine group at the meta- (13p) and ortho-positions (13q) of the phenyl group, with both compounds being slightly less potent than 13o. Surp
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br Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in
2022-02-17
Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most organisms. Cancer DS2 in particular require a steady source of energy to maintain growth and proliferation, and preferentially use glycolysis for their energy supply even under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake in mammals is mainly mediate
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The bioconversion of inositol from
2022-02-17
The bioconversion of inositol from glucose was anticipated nearly a century ago and later confirmed by isotope tracing methods [[22], [23]]. This biosynthesis of inositol involves three sequentially acting enzymes: Firstly, ATP-dependent glucokinase converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) [[2
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GCK MODY is the most
2022-02-17
GCK-MODY is the most common form of MODY diabetes in many populations (Chevre et al., 1998; Massa et al., 2001; Barrio et al., 2002; Estalella et al., 2007; Pruhova et al., 2010; Capuano et al., 2012; Giuffrida et al., 2017). However, data about GCK-MODY among North African populations are very rare
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The role of the ER EK
2022-02-17
The role of the ER22/23EK variant which is associated with relative resistance to GC, as shown by a reduction of transactivating capacity in vitro and less suppression of Axitinib levels after 1mg DST in vivo. Relative GC resistance associated with the ER22/23EK polymorphism might protect from the
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