• Pentostatin The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis is a

  2023-07-28

  

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi

• We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to regulate

  2023-07-28

  

  We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to regulate ATX mRNA in hepatocyte-derived HuH7 ion channel and human liver slices, consistent with reports of increased ATX expression in a variety of tumours that are frequently hypoxic. Importantly, we show a positive association between elevated ATX mRNA lev

• br Autophagy and cell death

  2023-07-28

  

  Autophagy and cell death pathways in ischemic stroke Although very important for the effects on post-ischemic mefloquine hcl injury, autophagy is not the only mechanism of action involved in cell death. Necrosis and apoptosis are two other distinct forms of cell death with great difference in mo

• Previous studies have demonstrated that the

  2023-07-28

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated that the expression of the Aurora B gene is maximally increased at G2/M phage during mitosis (Honda et al., 2003, Fu et al., 2007, Goldenson and Crispino, 2015), and exhibits an extraordinary upregulation in a number of human cancers (Fu et al., 2007, Kollareddy et

• br Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of

  2023-07-28

  

  Introduction Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and is one of the most refractory of solid tumors along with pancreatic cancer. Since 1975 there have been notable improvements in the 5-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer [1]. This improvement in survival is tho

• For the TSH receptor signaling at the Golgi trans

  2023-07-28

  

  For the TSH receptor, signaling at the Golgi/trans-Golgi network appears required for both rapid effects of TSH − such as simvastin depolymerization, which is implicated in thyroglobulin reuptake and, thus, thyroid hormone release − and late ones, such as those on gene transcription. Continued sign

• Therefore the rational design of target

  2023-07-28

  

  Therefore, the rational design of target compounds is based on the hybrid of attractive phenotypic bis-indole (5, Fig. 1) and sulfonamide moieties, in which the indole core might anticipate in hydrophobic interaction, and the functionality of sulfonamide group may involve in H-bonding with the site

• Among steroid saponins ginsenosides are the active

  2023-07-28

  

  Among steroid saponins, ginsenosides are the active components of ginseng, a well-known chinese medicinal plant. More than hundreds of different ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng and have shown in the past to be membrane active substances and to influence the membrane by modulating lipid

• br The role of apelin

  2023-07-28

  

  The role of apelin in hypertension diseases The role of apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases has been described in numerous studies (Table 2) [36,37]. It has been revealed that exogenous apelin may lower blood pressure. Tatemoto et al. [6] have discovered that different forms of

• Consistent with the above prediction there are

  2023-07-28

  

  Consistent with the above prediction, there are additional reports in which HMGA proteins have been demonstrated to facilitate recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes to gene regulatory regions containing positioned nucleosomes during the transcriptional activation process. One particularly il

• Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor drug to be

  2023-07-28

  

  Sorafenib was the first small RTK inhibitor drug to be developed and was initially approved against renal cell carcinoma, then against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and more recently for differentiated thyroid treatment [111]. Sunitinib soon followed, being approved for gastrointestinal stromal tum

• AMP activated protein kinase AMPK

  2023-07-28

  

  AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is composed of α-, β-, and γ-subunits [17,18]. Phosphorylation of α-subunit at Thr-172 residue is essential for AMPK activation [17,18]. The serine/threonine kinase coordinates metabolic pathways in response to energy supply and demand [17,18]. Studies have shown

• Synaptic scaling up is induced within primary visual

  2023-07-28

  

  Synaptic scaling up is induced within primary visual Altretamine (V1) by brief sensory deprivation (Desai et al., 2002; Lambo and Turrigiano, 2013). Several studies have examined the transcriptional changes within extracts of V1 following visual deprivation protocols (Lachance and Chaudhuri, 2004; M

• br The lipoxygenase pathway and microvascular complications

  2023-07-28

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway and microvascular complications of diabetes The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in adipose tissue Only recently has adipose tissue been recognized as a highly metabolically active endocrine organ imparting profound local and systemic inflammatory effects. Adipose tiss

• br Introduction The structural similarities between

  2023-07-28

  

  Introduction The structural similarities between puromycin (1, Fig. 1) and the aminoacyl adenyl terminal of aminoacyl–tRNA allow it to terminate the protein synthesis process by causing premature release of a polypeptide from the ribosome [1], [2]. Tremendous progress in the study of puromycin an

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