• Table reports the results for the categorical coding of

  2024-04-07

  

  Table 3 reports the results for the categorical coding of diagnosis. The categorical coding is less hypothesis driven than the continuous coding because it allows for nonlinear interactions that are driven by only two groups (CN → MCI stable, CN → MCI progressor, and CN → AD). That said, this analys

• br Conclusion br Introduction The

  2024-04-07

  

  Conclusion Introduction The identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and their ability to measure pathology antemortem has led to a fundamental reconsideration of the pathogenesis of AD. The importance of biomarkers was already reflected in revised diagnostic criteria proposed by

• Cancer stem cells CSCs may

  2024-04-07

  

  Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have been first identified in teratocarcinomas [11], [12], with its initial clues date back to the 19th century [13]. Kleinsmith and Pierce [12] established the immortal pluripotent teratocarcinoma lines from a single transplanted multi-potent malignant cell, strongly su

• br Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of

  2024-04-07

  

  Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of caffeine treatment in ROP The demonstration of the role of the adenosine receptor in development of ROP and protection by caffeine suggests two potential therapeutic strategies with high translational potential: a) modification of caffeine treat

• Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well

  2024-04-03

  

  Although the mechanisms of APP secretion are well characterised (for review see Ref. [1]), production of soluble AChE species is less well understood although we have reported that a metalloproteinase can shed AChE similarly to APP [16], [17]. Recently it has also been demonstrated that cellular pre

• The acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitor tacrine THA exerts

  2024-04-03

  

  The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, tacrine (THA), exerts neuroprotective effects in time- and does-dependent manners against glutamate neurotoxicity (Takada-Takatori et al., 2006a, 2006b) and amyloid-β protein toxicity in PC12, a pheochromocytoma line (Wang et al., 2002; Xiao et al., 2000).

• br Experimental procedure br Funding The

  2024-04-03

  

  Experimental procedure Funding The present study was supported by the Grant Russian Foundation for basic research (project no. 16-04-01517). Introduction 5-HT, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter, is synthesised from l-tryptophan catalysed by the enzymes tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph) and aroma

• Chronic inflammation is associated with both initiation and

  2024-04-03

  

  Chronic inflammation is associated with both initiation and progression of many neoplastic conditions [149], and ATX may be a player in the process. ATX/LPA signaling is positively correlated with the invasive and metastatic potential of several cancers including melanoma, breast cancer, ovarian can

• AT7867 Despite the growing knowledge surrounding the link

  2024-04-03

  

  Despite the growing knowledge surrounding the link between ATX and cholestatic pruritus in PBC, it remains unclear if the role of the ATX-LPA signaling axis includes lymphocytes homing in the liver of PBC, and if the resulting inflammation is associated with PBC pruritus (Fig. 3). PBC is characteriz

• Receptors containing an x y subunit interface

  2024-04-03

  

  Receptors containing an αx/γy subunit interface, where x=1, 2, 3, 5 and y=1–3, form a high-affinity binding site for benzodiazepines (Figure 1A), for the later developed Z-drugs of different chemotypes, and for a large number of chemically distinct research compounds 17, 18 (Box 1 for examples). For

• br Regulatory mechanisms of ASK activity br The functions of

  2024-04-03

  

  Regulatory mechanisms of ASK1 activity The functions of ASK1 in disease ASK1 inhibitor As mentioned above, ASK1 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases; hence, an ASK1 inhibitor has therapeutic potential. Although inhibitors of the ASK1 downstream kinases p38 and JNK ar

• Based on its kinetic parameters and quaternary

  2024-04-03

  

  Based on its kinetic parameters and quaternary structure, R. pycnus arginase is a typical ureotelic L-arginase [2]. The Km value of the enzyme was lower than other arginases from other organisms (Table 2), including S. cerevisiae (15.7mM), B. anthracis (10mM), B. caldovelox (3.4mM), human liver (2.3

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Photodynamic Therap

  2024-04-03

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a technique used for the treatment of several malignant and non malignant diseases (Akimoto, 2016, Keyal, Bhatta, Wang, 2016, Morton, Szeimies, Sidoroff, Wennberg, Basset-Seguin, Calzavara-Pinton, Gilaberte, Hofbauer, Hunger, Kar

• Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each

  2024-04-03

  

  Since immunoassays cannot specifically quantify each apelin peptide, a more reliable approach, mass spectrometry (MS) has been used recently to quantify and characterize apelin fragments in plasma. Using this technology, Zhen et al. showed that [Pyr-1]-apelin-13 was the major apelin form present in

• Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP is the

  2024-04-03

  

  Another interesting aspect of neutralizing AP-1 is the inhibition of interactions between AP-1 and Smad proteins, which synergize to activate the TGF-β1-responsive genes involved in hypertrophic growth of the heart muscle and in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Through preventing AP-1 activation

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